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    Expanding Sub-Rows (Tree Data) Feature Guide

    Material React Table has support for expanding sub-rows or tree data. This feature is useful for displaying hierarchical data. The sub-rows can be expanded and collapsed by clicking on the expand/collapse icon.

    NOTE: This feature is for expanding rows of the same data type. If you want to add expansion of more data for the same row, check out the Detail Panel Feature Guide.

    Relevant Table Options

    1
    boolean
    TanStack Table Expanding Docs
    2
    Array<TData>
    Usage Docs
    3
    boolean
    true
    MRT Expanding Sub Rows Docs
    4
    boolean
    MRT Expanding Sub Rows Docs
    5
    (dataRow: TData) => TData[]
    6
    boolean
    false
    TanStack Filtering Docs
    7
    () => MRT_RowModel<TData>
    8
    (row: Row<TData>) => boolean
    TanStack Table Expanding Docs
    9
    (row: Row<TData>) => boolean
    TanStack Table Expanding Docs
    10
    (originalRow: TData, index: number, parent?: MRT_Row<TData>) => string
    TanStack Table Core Table Docs
    11
    (originalRow: TData, index: number) => undefined | TData[]
    TanStack Table Core Table Docs
    12
    false | 'reorder' | 'remove'
    reorder
    TanStack Table Grouping Docs
    13
    boolean
    TanStack Table Expanding Docs
    14
    number
    100
    TanStack Table Filtering Docs
    15
    IconButtonProps | ({ table }) => IconButtonProps
    Material UI IconButton Props
    16
    IconButtonProps | ({ row, table }) => IconButtonProps
    Material UI IconButton Props
    17
    OnChangeFn<ExpandedState>
    TanStack Table Expanding Docs
    18
    boolean
    TanStack Table Expanding Docs
    19
    'first' | 'last'
    'first'

    Relevant State Options

    1
    Record<string, boolean> | boolean
    {}
    TanStack Table Expanding Docs

    Enable Expanding Sub-Rows

    To enable expanding sub-rows, you must first set the enableExpanding table option to true.

    However, your data must also be formatted in a way to allow for expanding rows that are in some way related to each other. By default, Material React Table will look for a special subRows property on each row of your data and treat any array of rows that it finds as the sub-rows for that row. You can customize or override this behavior by passing a custom getSubRows table option.

    const data = [
    {
    id: 1,
    name: 'John Doe',
    subRows: [
    {
    id: 2,
    name: 'Jane Doe',
    },
    //more sub rows...
    ],
    },
    //more rows...
    ];
    const table = useMaterialReactTable({
    columns,
    data,
    enableExpanding: true,
    getSubRows: (originalRow) => originalRow.subRows, //default, can customize
    });
    return <MaterialReactTable table={table} />;

    Expand All Rows Button

    By default, Material React Table will show the expand all button in the expand column header. You can disable this by setting the enableExpandAll table option to false.

    const table = useMaterialReactTable({
    columns,
    data,
    enableExpanding: true,
    enableExpandAll: false, //hide expand all button in header
    });

    Demo

    Open StackblitzOpen Code SandboxOpen on GitHub
    DylanMurray261 Erdman FordEast DaphneKentucky
    RaquelKohler769 Dominic GroveColumbusOhio
    1-2 of 2

    Source Code

    1import { useMemo } from 'react';
    2import {
    3 MaterialReactTable,
    4 useMaterialReactTable,
    5 type MRT_ColumnDef,
    6} from 'material-react-table';
    7
    8export type Person = {
    9 firstName: string;
    10 lastName: string;
    11 address: string;
    12 city: string;
    13 state: string;
    14 subRows?: Person[]; //Each person can have sub rows of more people
    15};
    16
    17export const data = [
    18 {
    19 firstName: 'Dylan',
    20 lastName: 'Murray',
    21 address: '261 Erdman Ford',
    22 city: 'East Daphne',
    23 state: 'Kentucky',
    24 subRows: [
    25 {
    26 firstName: 'Ervin',
    27 lastName: 'Reinger',
    28 address: '566 Brakus Inlet',
    29 city: 'South Linda',
    30 state: 'West Virginia',
    31 subRows: [
    32 {
    33 firstName: 'Jordane',
    34 lastName: 'Homenick',
    35 address: '1234 Brakus Inlet',
    36 city: 'South Linda',
    37 state: 'West Virginia',
    38 },
    39 ],
    40 },
    41 {
    42 firstName: 'Brittany',
    43 lastName: 'McCullough',
    44 address: '722 Emie Stream',
    45 city: 'Lincoln',
    46 state: 'Nebraska',
    47 },
    48 ],
    49 },
    50 {
    51 firstName: 'Raquel',
    52 lastName: 'Kohler',
    53 address: '769 Dominic Grove',
    54 city: 'Columbus',
    55 state: 'Ohio',
    56 subRows: [
    57 {
    58 firstName: 'Branson',
    59 lastName: 'Frami',
    60 address: '32188 Larkin Turnpike',
    61 city: 'Charleston',
    62 state: 'South Carolina',
    63 },
    64 ],
    65 },
    66];
    67
    68const Example = () => {
    69 const columns = useMemo<MRT_ColumnDef<Person>[]>(
    70 //column definitions...
    98 );
    99
    100 const table = useMaterialReactTable({
    101 columns,
    102 data,
    103 enableExpandAll: false, //hide expand all double arrow in column header
    104 enableExpanding: true,
    105 });
    106
    107 return <MaterialReactTable table={table} />;
    108};
    109
    110export default Example;
    111

    Generate Sub Rows with getSubRows

    If your data is not yet in a tree structure, but the data has relationships that can be parsed into a tree, you can use the getSubRows table option to let TanStack Table find the sub rows for each row.

    There are a couple key things you have to do to make this work:

    1. Only pass in root (top level) rows in your data prop.

    2. Set the getSubRows table option to a function that scans all the rest of your data and returns the sub rows for a given row.

    This can sometimes be useful in combination with lazy loading sub rows.

    NOTE: Be conscious of the performance implications of the getSubRows function. It will be called for every row in your table, so it should be performant.

    Demo

    HenryLynchCamden.Macejkovic@yahoo.comCalifornia
    MckennaFriesenVeda_Feeney@yahoo.comNew York
    1-2 of 2

    Source Code

    1import { useMemo } from 'react';
    2import {
    3 MaterialReactTable,
    4 useMaterialReactTable,
    5 type MRT_ColumnDef,
    6} from 'material-react-table';
    7
    8export type Employee = {
    9 id: string;
    10 firstName: string;
    11 lastName: string;
    12 email: string;
    13 state: string;
    14 managerId: string | null;
    15};
    16
    17//flat data that TanStack Table's getSubRows() function will parse into a tree
    18export const data: Employee[] = [
    19 {
    20 id: '9s41rp',
    21 firstName: 'Kelvin',
    22 lastName: 'Langosh',
    23 email: 'Jerod14@hotmail.com',
    24 state: 'Ohio',
    25 managerId: '08m6rx',
    26 },
    27 {
    28 id: '08m6rx',
    29 firstName: 'Molly',
    30 lastName: 'Purdy',
    31 email: 'Hugh.Dach79@hotmail.com',
    32 state: 'Rhode Island',
    33 managerId: '5ymtrc',
    34 },
    35 {
    36 id: '5ymtrc',
    37 firstName: 'Henry',
    38 lastName: 'Lynch',
    39 email: 'Camden.Macejkovic@yahoo.com',
    40 state: 'California',
    41 managerId: null, //top of a tree
    42 },
    43 {
    44 id: 'ek5b97',
    45 firstName: 'Glenda',
    46 lastName: 'Douglas',
    47 email: 'Eric0@yahoo.com',
    48 state: 'Montana',
    49 managerId: '08m6rx',
    50 },
    51 {
    52 id: 'xxtydd',
    53 firstName: 'Leone',
    54 lastName: 'Williamson',
    55 email: 'Ericka_Mueller52@yahoo.com',
    56 state: 'Colorado',
    57 managerId: '08m6rx',
    58 },
    59 {
    60 id: 'wzxj9m',
    61 firstName: 'Mckenna',
    62 lastName: 'Friesen',
    63 email: 'Veda_Feeney@yahoo.com',
    64 state: 'New York',
    65 managerId: null, //top of a tree
    66 },
    67 {
    68 id: '21dwtz',
    69 firstName: 'Wyman',
    70 lastName: 'Jast',
    71 email: 'Melvin.Pacocha@yahoo.com',
    72 state: 'Montana',
    73 managerId: 'wzxj9m',
    74 },
    75 {
    76 id: 'o8oe4k',
    77 firstName: 'Janick',
    78 lastName: 'Willms',
    79 email: 'Delfina12@gmail.com',
    80 state: 'Nebraska',
    81 managerId: 'wzxj9m',
    82 },
    83];
    84
    85const Example = () => {
    86 const columns = useMemo<MRT_ColumnDef<Employee>[]>(
    87 //column definitions...
    109 );
    110
    111 //only root rows with no managerId
    112 const rootData = useMemo(() => data.filter((r) => !r.managerId), [data]);
    113
    114 const table = useMaterialReactTable({
    115 columns,
    116 data: rootData,
    117 enableExpanding: true,
    118 //note: performance of this example should be improved with hash maps. This is currently 0(n^2)
    119 getSubRows: (row) => data.filter((r) => r.managerId === row.id),
    120 });
    121
    122 return <MaterialReactTable table={table} />;
    123};
    124
    125export default Example;
    126

    Expanded Rows Pagination Behavior

    By default, Material React Table will treat expanded sub-rows the same as any other row when it comes to pagination. This means that some expanded rows may be on the next page. You can change this behavior by setting the paginateExpandedRows table option to false.

    const table = useMaterialReactTable({
    columns,
    data,
    enableExpanding: true,
    paginateExpandedRows: false, //expanded rows will be on the same page as their parent row
    });

    Expanded Leaf Row Filtering Behavior

    If you are using the filtering features alongside sub-row features, then there are a few behaviors and customizations you should be aware of.

    Filter From Leaf Rows

    By default, filtering is done from parent rows down (so if a parent row is filtered out, all of its children will be filtered out as well). Setting the filterFromLeafRows table option to true will cause filtering to be done from leaf rows up (which means parent rows will be kept so long as one of their child, or grand-child, etc. rows pass the filtering).

    const table = useMaterialReactTable({
    columns,
    data,
    enableExpanding: true,
    filterFromLeafRows: true, //search for child rows and preserve parent rows
    });

    Max Leaf Row Filter Depth

    By default, filtering is done for all rows (max depth of 100), no matter if they are root level parent rows or the child leaf rows of a parent row. Setting the maxLeafRowFilterDepth table option to 0 will cause filtering to only be applied to the root level parent rows, with all sub-rows remaining unfiltered. Similarly, setting this option to 1 will cause filtering to only be applied to child leaf rows 1 level deep, and so on.

    This is useful for situations where you want a row's entire child hierarchy to be visible, regardless of the applied filter.

    const table = useMaterialReactTable({
    columns,
    data,
    enableExpanding: true,
    maxLeafRowFilterDepth: 0, //When filtering root rows, keep all child rows of the passing parent rows
    });

    Expand All Rows By Default

    You can manage the initial state of the expanded rows with the expanded state option in either the initialState or state props.

    For example, you may want all rows to be expanded by default. To do this, you can simply set the expanded state option to true.

    const table = useMaterialReactTable({
    columns,
    data,
    enableExpanding: true,
    initialState: { expanded: true }, //all rows expanded by default
    });

    Demo

    DylanMurray261 Erdman FordEast DaphneKentucky
    ErvinReinger566 Brakus InletSouth LindaWest Virginia
    JordaneHomenick1234 Brakus InletSouth LindaWest Virginia
    JordanClarkson4882 Palm RdSan FranciscoCalifornia
    BrittanyMcCullough722 Emie StreamLincolnNebraska
    RaquelKohler769 Dominic GroveColumbusOhio
    BransonFrami32188 Larkin TurnpikeCharlestonSouth Carolina
    1-2 of 2

    Source Code

    1import { useMemo } from 'react';
    2import {
    3 MaterialReactTable,
    4 useMaterialReactTable,
    5 type MRT_ColumnDef,
    6} from 'material-react-table';
    7
    8export type Person = {
    9 firstName: string;
    10 lastName: string;
    11 address: string;
    12 city: string;
    13 state: string;
    14 subRows?: Person[]; //Each person can have sub rows of more people
    15};
    16
    17export const data: Person[] = [
    18 {
    19 firstName: 'Dylan',
    20 lastName: 'Murray',
    21 address: '261 Erdman Ford',
    22 city: 'East Daphne',
    23 state: 'Kentucky',
    24 subRows: [
    25 {
    26 firstName: 'Ervin',
    27 lastName: 'Reinger',
    28 address: '566 Brakus Inlet',
    29 city: 'South Linda',
    30 state: 'West Virginia',
    31 subRows: [
    32 {
    33 firstName: 'Jordane',
    34 lastName: 'Homenick',
    35 address: '1234 Brakus Inlet',
    36 city: 'South Linda',
    37 state: 'West Virginia',
    38 },
    39 {
    40 firstName: 'Jordan',
    41 lastName: 'Clarkson',
    42 address: '4882 Palm Rd',
    43 city: 'San Francisco',
    44 state: 'California',
    45 },
    46 ],
    47 },
    48 {
    49 firstName: 'Brittany',
    50 lastName: 'McCullough',
    51 address: '722 Emie Stream',
    52 city: 'Lincoln',
    53 state: 'Nebraska',
    54 },
    55 ],
    56 },
    57 {
    58 firstName: 'Raquel',
    59 lastName: 'Kohler',
    60 address: '769 Dominic Grove',
    61 city: 'Columbus',
    62 state: 'Ohio',
    63 subRows: [
    64 {
    65 firstName: 'Branson',
    66 lastName: 'Frami',
    67 address: '32188 Larkin Turnpike',
    68 city: 'Charleston',
    69 state: 'South Carolina',
    70 },
    71 ],
    72 },
    73];
    74
    75const Example = () => {
    76 const columns = useMemo<MRT_ColumnDef<Person>[]>(
    77 //column definitions...
    105 );
    106
    107 const table = useMaterialReactTable({
    108 columns,
    109 data,
    110 enableExpandAll: false, //hide expand all double arrow in column header
    111 enableExpanding: true,
    112 filterFromLeafRows: true, //apply filtering to all rows instead of just parent rows
    113 getSubRows: (row) => row.subRows, //default
    114 initialState: { expanded: true }, //expand all rows by default
    115 paginateExpandedRows: false, //When rows are expanded, do not count sub-rows as number of rows on the page towards pagination
    116 });
    117
    118 return <MaterialReactTable table={table} />;
    119};
    120
    121export default Example;
    122

    Expand Root Rows Only By Default

    Here is a slightly more complex initial expanded state example where all the root rows are expanded by default, but none of the sub rows themselves are expanded by default. We just need to find all of the root row ids and set their key in the expanded initialState option to true.

    Demo

    DylanMurray261 Erdman FordEast DaphneKentucky
    ErvinReinger566 Brakus InletSouth LindaWest Virginia
    BrittanyMcCullough722 Emie StreamLincolnNebraska
    RaquelKohler769 Dominic GroveColumbusOhio
    BransonFrami32188 Larkin TurnpikeCharlestonSouth Carolina
    1-5 of 5

    Source Code

    1import { useMemo } from 'react';
    2import {
    3 MaterialReactTable,
    4 type MRT_ExpandedState,
    5 type MRT_ColumnDef,
    6 useMaterialReactTable,
    7} from 'material-react-table';
    8import { Button } from '@mui/material';
    9
    10export type Person = {
    11 id: string;
    12 firstName: string;
    13 lastName: string;
    14 address: string;
    15 city: string;
    16 state: string;
    17 subRows?: Person[]; //Each person can have sub rows of more people
    18};
    19
    20//data definitions...
    96
    97const Example = () => {
    98 const columns = useMemo<MRT_ColumnDef<Person>[]>(
    99 //column definitions...
    127 );
    128
    129 const initialExpandedRootRows = useMemo<MRT_ExpandedState>(
    130 () =>
    131 data
    132 .map((originalRow) => originalRow.id) //get all the root row ids, use recursion for additional levels
    133 .reduce((a, v) => ({ ...a, [v]: true }), {}), //convert to an object with all the ids as keys and `true` as values
    134 [],
    135 );
    136
    137 const table = useMaterialReactTable({
    138 columns,
    139 data,
    140 enableExpanding: true,
    141 getRowId: (originalRow) => originalRow.id,
    142 initialState: { expanded: initialExpandedRootRows }, //only expand the root rows by default
    143 renderTopToolbarCustomActions: ({ table }) => (
    144 <Button onClick={() => table.resetExpanded()}>Reset Expanded</Button>
    145 ),
    146 });
    147
    148 return <MaterialReactTable table={table} />;
    149};
    150
    151export default Example;
    152

    Customize Expand Column

    You can customize the expand column by using the displayColumnDefOptions table option.

    const table = useMaterialReactTable({
    columns,
    data,
    enableGrouping: true,
    displayColumnDefOptions: {
    'mrt-row-expand': {
    enableResizing: true, //allow resizing
    size: 120, //make the expand column wider
    },
    },
    });

    Lazy Load Sub Rows

    If you have a ton of nested data that you want to display, but you don't want to fetch it all up front, you can set up Material React Table to only fetch the sub-rows data when the user expands the row.

    There are quite a few ways in which you could implement fetching sub-rows lazily. This example is just one way to do it.

    The main concept to understand from this example is that you can manage the expanded state option in your own scope, and fetch the data for your table based on that state.

    How your data is structured from the server is up to you. It is usually easiest to have the server do the hard work and return the data in a nested tree structure, but you can also return the data in a flat structure and use the getSubRows table option to parse the data into a tree structure.

    Demo

    0-0 of 0

    Source Code

    1import { useMemo, useState } from 'react';
    2import {
    3 MaterialReactTable,
    4 useMaterialReactTable,
    5 type MRT_ColumnDef,
    6 type MRT_PaginationState,
    7 type MRT_SortingState,
    8 type MRT_ExpandedState,
    9} from 'material-react-table';
    10import {
    11 QueryClient,
    12 QueryClientProvider,
    13 keepPreviousData,
    14 useQuery,
    15} from '@tanstack/react-query'; //note: this is TanStack React Query V5
    16
    17//Your API response shape will probably be different. Knowing a total row count is important though.
    18type UserApiResponse = {
    19 data: Array<User>;
    20 meta: {
    21 totalRowCount: number;
    22 };
    23};
    24
    25type User = {
    26 id: string;
    27 firstName: string;
    28 lastName: string;
    29 email: string;
    30 state: string;
    31 managerId: string | null; //row's parent row id
    32 subordinateIds: string[]; //or some type of boolean that indicates that there are sub-rows
    33};
    34
    35const columns: MRT_ColumnDef<User>[] = [
    36 //column definitions...
    54];
    55
    56const Example = () => {
    57 const [sorting, setSorting] = useState<MRT_SortingState>([]);
    58 const [pagination, setPagination] = useState<MRT_PaginationState>({
    59 pageIndex: 0,
    60 pageSize: 10,
    61 });
    62 const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState<MRT_ExpandedState>({}); //Record<string, boolean> | true
    63
    64 //which rows have sub-rows expanded and need their direct sub-rows to be included in the API call
    65 const expandedRowIds: string[] | 'all' = useMemo(
    66 () =>
    67 expanded === true
    68 ? 'all'
    69 : Object.entries(expanded)
    70 .filter(([_managerId, isExpanded]) => isExpanded)
    71 .map(([managerId]) => managerId),
    72 [expanded],
    73 );
    74
    75 const {
    76 data: { data = [], meta } = {},
    77 isError,
    78 isRefetching,
    79 isLoading,
    80 } = useFetchUsers({
    81 pagination,
    82 sorting,
    83 expandedRowIds,
    84 });
    85
    86 //get data for root rows only (top of the tree data)
    87 const rootData = useMemo(() => data.filter((r) => !r.managerId), [data]);
    88
    89 const table = useMaterialReactTable({
    90 columns,
    91 data: rootData,
    92 enableExpanding: true, //enable expanding column
    93 enableFilters: false,
    94 //tell MRT which rows have additional sub-rows that can be fetched
    95 getRowCanExpand: (row) => !!row.original.subordinateIds.length, //just some type of boolean
    96 //identify rows by the user's id
    97 getRowId: (row) => row.id,
    98 //if data is delivered in a flat array, MRT can convert it to a tree structure
    99 //though it's usually better if the API can construct the nested structure before this point
    100 getSubRows: (row) => data.filter((r) => r.managerId === row.id), //parse flat array into tree structure
    101 // paginateExpandedRows: false, //the back-end in this example is acting as if this option is false
    102 manualPagination: true, //turn off built-in client-side pagination
    103 manualSorting: true, //turn off built-in client-side sorting
    104 muiToolbarAlertBannerProps: isError
    105 ? {
    106 color: 'error',
    107 children: 'Error loading data',
    108 }
    109 : undefined,
    110 onExpandedChange: setExpanded,
    111 onPaginationChange: setPagination,
    112 onSortingChange: setSorting,
    113 rowCount: meta?.totalRowCount ?? 0,
    114 state: {
    115 expanded,
    116 isLoading,
    117 pagination,
    118 showAlertBanner: isError,
    119 showProgressBars: isRefetching,
    120 sorting,
    121 },
    122 });
    123
    124 return <MaterialReactTable table={table} />;
    125};
    126
    127const queryClient = new QueryClient();
    128
    129const ExampleWithReactQueryProvider = () => (
    130 //App.tsx or AppProviders file. Don't just wrap this component with QueryClientProvider! Wrap your whole App!
    131 <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
    132 <Example />
    133 </QueryClientProvider>
    134);
    135
    136export default ExampleWithReactQueryProvider;
    137
    138//fetch user hook
    139const useFetchUsers = ({
    140 pagination,
    141 sorting,
    142 expandedRowIds,
    143}: {
    144 pagination: MRT_PaginationState;
    145 sorting: MRT_SortingState;
    146 expandedRowIds: string[] | 'all';
    147}) => {
    148 return useQuery<UserApiResponse>({
    149 queryKey: [
    150 'users', //give a unique key for this query
    151 pagination.pageIndex, //refetch when pagination.pageIndex changes
    152 pagination.pageSize, //refetch when pagination.pageSize changes
    153 sorting, //refetch when sorting changes
    154 expandedRowIds,
    155 ],
    156 queryFn: async () => {
    157 const fetchURL = new URL(
    158 '/api/treedata',
    159 process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
    160 ? 'https://www.material-react-table.com'
    161 : 'http://localhost:3000',
    162 );
    163
    164 //read our state and pass it to the API as query params
    165 fetchURL.searchParams.set(
    166 'start',
    167 `${pagination.pageIndex * pagination.pageSize}`,
    168 );
    169 fetchURL.searchParams.set('size', `${pagination.pageSize}`);
    170 fetchURL.searchParams.set('sorting', JSON.stringify(sorting ?? []));
    171 fetchURL.searchParams.set(
    172 'expandedRowIds',
    173 expandedRowIds === 'all' ? 'all' : JSON.stringify(expandedRowIds ?? []),
    174 );
    175
    176 //use whatever fetch library you want, fetch, axios, etc
    177 const response = await fetch(fetchURL.href);
    178 const json = (await response.json()) as UserApiResponse;
    179 return json;
    180 },
    181 placeholderData: keepPreviousData, //don't go to 0 rows when refetching or paginating to next page
    182 });
    183};
    184